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== Mokshan history ==
Ĉu ci parolas pri esperanto? Amuze! Mi lernis esperanton antawlonge. The article about Moksha is very nice. You made it very neat. I will send you Moksha history passages. Now I'm thinking of Компрахчице. You see according to Russian transliteration it must be Компрахцице but I haven't changed it. Why? You used Zubu placename under the old photo as it was in my description. In fact Russian name of the place is Зубова Поляна. And I realized at once we may start using native non-offical placenames. So I am for Компрахчице! --[[Użytkownik:Khazar II|Khazar II]] 18:33, 25 śyr 2008 (UTC)
*Ready.
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== Early History ==
Androphagi (Greek for "man-eaters") north of Scythia (according to Herodotus), in the forests between the upper waters of the Dnieper and Don are considered to be the first mentioning of Moksha ancestors (Gorodets archeological culture) <ref>Kuussaari, Eero, Suomen suvun tiet, F. Tilgmann Oy, Helsinki 1935</ref> <ref>Бубрих Д. В. Можно ли отождествлять мордву с андрофагами Геродота? — Записки Мордовского научно-исследовательского института социаль-ной культуры, Саранск, 1941, № 3, с. 31.</ref> Herodotus also gives a description of Scythian-Persian war 516-512 B.C., which involved all Middle Volga population. Sarmatians forced out Scythians and subdued some Moksha clans, though failed to spread their dominion far enough due to their sparsity. 100s-200s AD Ants, Slavs, Mokshas and Erzyas became the most powerful and numerous among East European population.<ref name="fyod">Федорова М. В. Славяне, мордва и анты. Издательство Воронежского Университета, 1976</ref>. By the end of IV c.AD most part of Mokshas joined Hunnic tribal alliance and took part in defeat of Ostgothic Empire in 377 AD, then moved eastward and settled themselves in Pannonia. Mokshan battle charger harness, especially bits and psalia are identic to early battle harness of Hunnic epoch. Their analogues found in Eastern and Caucasus<ref>Ахмедов И. Р. Псалии в начале эпохи великого переселения народов // Культуры Евразийских степей вт. пол. I тыс. н. э.: (из истории костюма) . — Т. 2 . — Самара, 2001 — С. 220—222</ref>. In XIII c sources Mokshas were mentioned among Pannonia and Bohemia population of that period.<ref>Annales Monastici. Vol. II: Annals de Wintonia; Annales Monasterii de Waverleia. Ed. H. R. Luard. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green, 1865</ref>. Mokshan principalities Murunza, Onuza, Seliksa in Oka-Don interfluve were in alliance with early Hunnic state Hunivar<ref name="fyod" />. In the reign of Attila Pannonian Mokshas were part of his army in the Rome siege. Archeological data prove the boundaries of Moksha land didn’t change within IV - VIII cc. AD period. This was the time of legendary king Tyushtya, the leader of Moksha, Erzya, Meshchera and probably Muroma peoples <ref>Энциклопедия «Мордовиясь» Саранск, 2007</ref>. Around 450 AD Mokshas are in alliance with Alans in Middle Volga <ref> Афанасьев Г. Е. Буртасы // Исчезнувшие народы. — М., 1988. — С.85-96.</ref>, (Burtass alliance)<ref> Афанасьев Г. Е. Этническая территория буртасов во второй половине VIII — начале Х века // СЭ. — 1984. — № 4 — С.28-41</ref>.
== Medieval History ==
Seliksa (Burtass) principality became vassal to Khazar khanate in IX c. <ref>«История Пензенского края» под редакцией профессора Г.Н.Белорыбкина, Пенза, 1996</ref> Prince Sviatoslav I in 965 AD according to Although Ibn Haukal “attacked Khazar allies, captured Sarkel, Bulgar and reached Semender”<ref>Калинина Т.М. Сведения Ибн Хаукаля о походах Руси времен Святослава//ДГ. М., 1976. С. 90-101.</ref>. Two years later after the Great Flood he seized and destroyed Atil <ref>[http://www.hrono.ru/libris/saharov01.html Сахаров Андрей Николаевич "Дипломатия Святослава" Москва, "Международные отношения", 1982 г.]</ref>. In the beginning of X c Volga Bolgaria king Almush (Almış) took under control Khazar tribute. He converted to Islam, kept alliance with Baghdad khalif Muktafi and founded trading post in the mouth of Oka river<ref>В. А. Юрченков. Мордовский народ: вехи истории. — Саранск, 2007. — с. 89 </ref>. Kievan kniaz Vladimir undertook a military compaign and seized Bulgar in 985 AD. King Almush and kniaz Vladimir signed peace and trade treaty in 1006 and it was the beginning of ‘eternal peace’ lasted 80 years<ref>В. А. Юрченков. Мордовский народ: вехи истории. — Саранск, 2007. — с. 90 </ref>. War for domination in Oka and Erzyan fortress Obranosh started again in 1120 AD <ref>В. А. Юрченков. Мордовский народ: вехи истории. — Саранск, 2007. — с. 93 </ref>. Vladimir prince Yury seized Oshel in 1220 and demanded reducing Bulgarian influence on Erzyan kingdom (Purgas Rus) which was in alliance with Volga Bulgaria. Vladimir kniazes captured and destroyed Obranosh in 1221 году and founded Nizhiniy Novgorod. Erzyan king Purgas and Mokshan king Puresh were at war and when Purgas was in alliance with Volga Bulgaria, Puresh was an ally of kniaz Yury<ref>В. А. Юрченков. Мордовский народ: вехи истории. — Саранск, 2007. — с. 97-98 </ref>. In 1230 Purgas lay siege to Nizhniy Novgorod but was defeated in battle. After that Puresh’s son prince Tyushtyan with his Polovets allies raided into his lands and completely destroyed his kingdom<ref>[http://biblioteka.org.ua/book.php?id=1120000230&p=10 Костомаров Н.И. Русская история в жизнеописаниях ее главнейших дейтелей.]</ref>.
As it was reported by Rashid ad Din in his Djami al-tawarikh 4th September of 1236 was the year when sons of Jochi: Batu, Orda, Berke, Ugedei khan’s son Kadan, Chagatai’s grandson Buri and Jenghiz khan’s son Kulkan declared war on Moksha, Burtass and Erzya. Each of them leaded a tumen (Mongol military unit equal to 10.000 people). The war ended 23th August of 1237 after the Black forest close to the border of Ryazan principality<ref>Лурье Я.С. 1) Общерусские летописи. С. 49-55; 2) Летопись Тверская // Словарь книжников и книжности Древней Руси. Вып.2. (вторая половина XIV — XVI в.). 4.2. Л.,1989</ref><ref>Рашид Ад-Дин. Сборник летописей. Т. II, Издательство АН СССР, 1960</ref>. Puresh became a vassal to Mongol khan and had to join their army moving westward.
In the beginning of 1241 Mongol army crossed Carpathian mountains and invaded Poland. Roger Bacon in his Opus majus<ref>John Bridges. The "Opus Majus" of Roger Bacon. Elibron Classics, 2000</ref> reports Mokshas were in the vanguard of Mongol army and took part in capture of Lublin and Zavikhost. Benedict Polone reports Mokshan army suffered seriouses losses during seizure of Sandomir in February and Krakov in March of the same year. On 9th April of 1241 Mongol army defeats allied Polish and German armies in battle of Legnica. It is supposed king Puresh was slain in that battle<ref>В. А. Юрченков. Мордовский народ: вехи истории. — Саранск, 2007. — с. 116 </ref>. Right after that Moksha army declares to Batu they refuse fight with Germans. As reported by William Rubruck and Roger Bacon Mokshas previously negotiated with Germans and Bohemians possibility of joining their side and get rid of Batu vassalage they were forced to. <ref>Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253. ad partes Orientales.</ref>. It is known that Batu ordered to punish the conspirators and thousands of them were put to death but 1/3 of them escaped and returned to Moksha lands. Third part remained the vanguard of Mongol army marching to Hungary through Veretskiy pass in March of 1242 as reports Hungarian bishop Stephan II<ref>Sinor D. Un voyageur du treizieme siecle: le Dominicain de Hongrie. — Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. University of London, 1952, vol. XIV, part 3, p. 599)</ref> and Matthew of Paris<ref>Paris, Matthew; Roger, of Wendover; H. R. Luard (editor). Chronica majora in Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores; or, Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland During the Middle Ages (London: Great Britain Public Record Office, 1858-1911). 57.</ref>.
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